Who Is American?: Belonging and the Question of Jewish Citizenship

Who Is American?: Belonging and the Question of Jewish Citizenship book cover

Who Is American?: Belonging and the Question of Jewish Citizenship

Author(s): Lila Corwin Berman (Author)

  • Publisher: Princeton University Press
  • Publication Date: June 16, 2026
  • Language: English
  • Print length: 272 pages
  • ISBN-10: 0691280207
  • ISBN-13: 9780691280202

Book Description

A groundbreaking history of how modern American citizenship has worked—and not worked—for Jews in the United States

The history of Jews in the United States is often told as if they immigrated, gained citizenship, and almost immediately achieved full legal rights. Yet this story fundamentally misses how citizenship rights worked for Jews and countless others who arrived on American shores. In Who Is American? Lila Corwin Berman draws on case law, statutes, and debates to argue that both the laws of American citizenship and Jews’ position in them changed repeatedly across the twentieth century. Courts, policymakers, and the public persistently asked what it meant to be Jewish under the law. Were Jews a race, a nationality, a religion—or some combination of each? The answer carried profound legal consequences. Not only did it determine Jews’ citizenship status, but it also affected the rights they could exercise. Just as significantly, the meaning of the categories under law changed over time, affecting Jews’ self-understanding, their political ideals, and their relationships to other groups of Americans.

Who Is American? tells a history that resonates powerfully with today’s high-stakes battles over citizenship and rights. As Berman concludes, citizenship law has always been better at posing questions about the terms of belonging than at providing any ultimate resolution. The tangled story of Jewish citizenship demonstrates the limits of law and explains why the United States continues to fall into new and, often, unsettling debates about who is American.

Editorial Reviews

Review

“As Berman amply demon­strates, while the US has been unique in offer­ing its Jew­ish cit­i­zens accep­tance com­pared to oth­er coun­tries, the path towards pro­tect­ing the rights of those cit­i­zens has not lacked prob­lems, com­pli­ca­tions, and ongo­ing debates, with­in and beyond the Amer­i­can Jew­ish community.”—Stu­art Halpern, Jewish Book Council

Review

“This is the book that many of us have been waiting for without even realizing it. Berman provides a brilliant analysis of the constructions and exploitations of Jewishness in American legal history, and offers a new way of thinking about American Jewish citizenship—and citizenship as a whole—for contemporary liberalism.”—James Loeffler, Exceptional Hatred: Antisemitism and the Fight over Free Speech in Modern America

“This provocative book definitively explodes the longstanding and misleading myth of ‘American Jewish exceptionalism,’ namely, that American Jews gained citizenship automatically, uncontroversially, and irrevocably—unlike their brethren in Europe and elsewhere. Berman demonstrates that the granting of citizenship was always contingent and disputed. This book will be required reading for everyone concerned with the past, present, and future of Jews in America.”—David Sorkin, author of Jewish Emancipation: A History across Five Centuries

“A timely, accessible, and fascinating contribution to American Jewish history and to the history of citizenship in the United States more broadly.”—Jessica M. Marglin, author of The Shamama Case: Contesting Citizenship across the Modern Mediterranean

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