Interpreting Electrocardiograms: Using Basic Principles and Vector Concepts

This innovative reference supplies a system for interpreting individual electrocardiograms (EKGs) based on fundamental principles of electrocardiography and vector concepts, rather than relying on a physician's ability to recollect the shapes and patterns of a multitude of tracings.

Highlights Grant's method of measuring the direction of electrical forces in the modern era of cardiology!

Enabling physicians to make a differential diagnosis, Interpreting Electrocardiograms

• establishes a scientific method by representing spatially oriented vectors that can be visualized and measured
  
• considers the heart's electrical forces, zero potential plane, and transitional pathway
  
• outlines the location and anatomic features of the heart chambers and conduction system
  
• discusses the use of Einthoven's bipolar extremity leads, Bayley's triaxial system, Wilson's unipolar chest leads, and Goldberger's unipolar extremity leads to determine the spatial orientation of electrical forces
  
• includes examples of normal EKGs
  
• discusses preexcitation, postexcitation, and Osborn, epsilon, and Brugada waves
  
• covers left and right ventricle hypertrophy due to diastolic and systolic pressure overload, myocardial infarction, ventricular conduction abnormalities, pericarditis, digitalis effect, and electrolyte disturbances
  
• and more!
  Providing a step-by-step method for interpreting EKGs using basic principles and vector concepts, Interpreting Electrocardiograms is a groundbreaking reference for cardiologists, internists, family and primary care physicians, and medical school students in these disciplines.