Formal and Informal Networks in Organizations

This book adopts a network perspective that conceptualizes organizational structure as a landscape of interconnected networks composed of actors’ interactions and relationships. Some of these networks are intentionally designed, grounded in formal structures, processes, and workflows. Others emerge informally, shaped by instrumental and expressive social ties. Together, they constitute the relational infrastructure through which actors coordinate and access key resources, including information, knowledge, and social or political support.

Drawing on empirical studies conducted across diverse organizational contexts, the book develops a unified theory and methodology for interpreting and understanding the complex relationship between formal organizational structures and informal social networks, how they shape one another, evolve together, and jointly influence organizational outcomes