The Hidden History of Conspiracy Theory

The Hidden History of Conspiracy Theory book cover

The Hidden History of Conspiracy Theory

Author(s): Andrew McKenzie-McHarg (Author)

  • Publisher: Princeton University Press
  • Publication Date: 23 Jun. 2026
  • Language: English
  • Print length: 696 pages
  • ISBN-10: 0691177066
  • ISBN-13: 9780691177069

Book Description

Tracing the genealogy of conspiracy theory, from Machiavelli through the “paranoid style” to QAnon

Truthers, birthers, flat-Earthers, the deep state, crisis actors, chemtrails, the Epstein files, Pizzagate, the Plandemic―it seems as though there’s a conspiracy theory for every situation. But what exactly is a conspiracy theory? And why is the term used to describe beliefs that are so very unlike theories (at least in the scientific sense of the word)? In this erudite and original book, Andrew McKenzie-McHarg answers these questions not by formulating a definition but by tracing a genealogy. He uncovers two crucial strands of contemporary conspiracy theorizing on the threshold of modernity: on the one hand, political analysis as realized by Niccolò Machiavelli in such works as The Prince and, on the other, apocalyptic prophecy as channeled by the charismatic preacher Girolamo Savonarola.

The French Revolution, the antisemitic hoax known as the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, and the Nuremberg Trials number among the subsequent episodes that progressively entangled these strands before finally knotting them into the twentieth-century concept of conspiracy theory. Alternative labels were also offered, most strikingly by the historian Richard Hofstadter, whose engagement with American right-wing politics in the 1950s and 1960s inspired his notion of the paranoid style. As McKenzie-McHarg shows, Hofstadter’s coinage, with its psychological bent, contributed to personalizing our understanding of conspiracy theory, thus yielding a specific type of person that, for better or worse, has become all too familiar to us today: the conspiracy theorist.

Proceeding from The Prince through The Protocols to the paranoid style and then beyond to QAnon, The Hidden History of Conspiracy Theory sheds new light on a complex and troubling phenomenon.

Editorial Reviews

Review

The Hidden History of Conspiracy Theory [is] the most original study of the subject to come along in years. . . . [A]t times it resembles a Pynchonian postmodern novel full of unexpected intersections and synchronicities.”—Jesse Walker, Reason

About the Author

Andrew McKenzie-McHarg was a research fellow at the Forschungszentrum Gotha, University of Erfurt, and then on the Conspiracy and Democracy Project at the University of Cambridge before joining the Bibliotheca Hertziana–Max Planck Institute for Art History in Rome.

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