Common European Sales Law (CESL) - Commentary

Common European Sales Law (CESL) - Commentary book cover

Common European Sales Law (CESL) - Commentary

Author(s): Reiner Schulze (Editor)

  • Publisher: Nomos, Baden-Baden
  • Publication Date: 2012
  • Edition: 1/2012
  • Language: English
  • Print length: 817 pages
  • Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos
  • ISBN-13: 9783845265469
  • ISBN (Print): 9783832972059

Book Description

The landscape of European Sales Law is rapidly taking shape. In October 2011, the European Commission proposed a Common European Sales Law (CESL) to facilitate cross-border transactions between businesses and between businesses and consumers. It contains a complete sales law and provisions for the supply of digital content and purchase of related services.

The Commentary analyses all 202 articles of the CESL, explains their function and doctrinal context and indicates the possible problems of their application. In doing so it offers a critical contribution to the legislative procedure and prepares practising lawyers, legal scholars and students for the use of the new European case law. Each article is dealt with in the same structure:

Function and underlying principles

Systematical context

Analysis and interpretation, including references to potential problems in practice

Criticism and possible improvements

The authors are renowned jurists from numerous European countries and with great experience in European and international contract law.

Table of Contents

  • Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis (Pages 1 - 17)
  • List of contributors (Pages 18 - 20)
  • Abbreviations (Pages 20 - 28)
  • Bibliography (Pages 28 - 34)
  • List of Cases (Pages 34 - 38)
  • Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on a Common European Sales Law (Pages 38 - 122)
    • Article 1 Objective and subject matter (Pages 38 - 50)
    • Article 2 Definitions (Pages 50 - 67)
    • Article 3 Optional nature of the Common European Sales Law (Pages 67 - 71)
    • Article 4 Cross-border contracts (Pages 71 - 77)
    • Article 5 Contracts for which the Common European Sales Law can be used (Pages 77 - 86)
    • Article 6 Exclusion of mixed-purpose contracts and contracts linked to a consumer credit (Pages 86 - 90)
    • Article 7 Parties to the contract (Pages 90 - 94)
    • Article 8 Agreement on the use of the Common European Sales Law (Pages 94 - 99)
    • Article 9 Standard Information Notice in contracts between a trader and a consumer (Pages 99 - 102)
    • Article 10 Penalties for breach of specific requirements (Pages 102 - 105)
    • Article 11 Consequences of the use of the Common European Sales Law (Pages 105 - 109)
    • Article 12 Information requirements resulting from the Services Directive (Pages 109 - 115)
    • Article 13 Member States’ options (Pages 115 - 118)
    • Article 14 Communication of judgments applying this Regulation (Pages 118 - 119)
    • Article 15 Review (Pages 119 - 120)
    • Article 16 Entry into force and application (Pages 120 - 122)
  • ANNEX I COMMON EUROPEAN SALES LAW CESL (P) (Pages 122 - 780)
    • Part I Introductory provisions (Pages 122 - 162)
      • Chapter 1 General principles and application
        • Section 1 General principles (Pages 122 - 131)
          • Article 1 Freedom of contract Schulte-Nölke (Pages 122 - 126)
          • Article 2 Good faith and fair dealing (Pages 126 - 128)
          • Article 3 Co-operation (Pages 128 - 131)
        • Section 2 Application (Pages 131 - 162)
          • Article 4 Interpretation (Pages 131 - 134)
          • Article 5 Reasonableness (Pages 134 - 140)
          • Article 6 No form required (Pages 140 - 142)
          • Article 7 Not individually negotiated contract terms Mazeaud/Sauphanor-Brouillaud (Pages 142 - 145)
          • Article 8 Termination of a contract Zoll (Pages 145 - 147)
          • Article 9 Mixed-purpose contracts Schulte-Nölke (Pages 147 - 151)
          • Article 10 Notice (Pages 151 - 154)
          • Article 11 Computation of time (Pages 154 - 157)
          • Article 12 Unilateral statements or conduct (Pages 157 - 162)
    • Part II Making a binding contract (Pages 162 - 340)
      • Chapter 2 Pre-contractual information (Pages 162 - 216)
        • Section 1 Pre-contractual information to be given by a trader dealing with a consumer (Pages 162 - 195)
          • Introduction to arts 13–29 Howells/Watson (Pages 162 - 164)
          • Article 13 Duty to provide information when concluding a distance or off-premises contract (Pages 164 - 171)
          • Article 14 Information about price and additional charges and costs (Pages 171 - 174)
          • Article 15 Information about the identity and address of the trader (Pages 174 - 176)
          • Article 16 Information about the contract terms (Pages 176 - 179)
          • Article 17 Information about rights of withdrawal when concluding a distance or off-premises contract (Pages 179 - 182)
          • Article 18 Off-premises contracts: additional information requirements and confirmation (Pages 182 - 185)
          • Article 19 Distance contracts: additional information and other requirements (Pages 185 - 189)
          • Article 20 Duty to provide information when concluding contracts other than distance and off-premises contracts (Pages 189 - 193)
          • Article 21 Burden of proof (Pages 193 - 194)
          • Article 22 Mandatory nature (Pages 194 - 195)
        • Section 2 Pre-contractual information to be given by a trader dealing with another trader (Pages 195 - 200)
          • Article 23 Duty to disclose information about goods and related services
        • Section 3 Contracts concluded by electronic means (Pages 200 - 209)
          • Article 24 Additional duties to provide information in distance contracts concluded by electronic means (Pages 200 - 203)
          • Article 25 Additional requirements in distance contracts concluded by electronic means (Pages 203 - 207)
          • Article 26 Burden of proof (Pages 207 - 208)
          • Article 27 Mandatory nature (Pages 208 - 209)
        • Section 4 Duty to ensure that information supplied is correct (Pages 209 - 212)
          • Article 28 Duty to ensure that information supplied is correct
        • Section 5 Remedies for breach of information duties (Pages 212 - 216)
          • Article 29 Remedies for breach of information duties
      • Chapter 3 Conclusion of contract Terryn (Pages 216 - 246)
        • Introduction to arts 30–39 (Pages 216 - 217)
        • Article 30 Requirements for the conclusion of a contract (Pages 217 - 221)
        • Article 31 Offer (Pages 221 - 225)
        • Article 32 Revocation of offer (Pages 225 - 228)
        • Article 33 Rejection of offer (Pages 228 - 229)
        • Article 34 Acceptance (Pages 229 - 231)
        • Article 35 Time of conclusion of the contract (Pages 231 - 233)
        • Article 36 Time limit for acceptance (Pages 233 - 235)
        • Article 37 Late acceptance (Pages 235 - 237)
        • Article 38 Modified acceptance (Pages 237 - 241)
        • Article 39 Conflicting standard contract terms (Pages 241 - 246)
      • Chapter 4 Right to withdraw in distance and off-premises contracts between traders and consumers SchulzeRight to withdraw (Pages 246 - 291)
        • Introduction to arts 40–47 (Pages 246 - 247)
        • Article 40 Right to withdraw (Pages 247 - 260)
        • Article 41 Exercise of right to withdraw (Pages 260 - 265)
        • Article 42 Withdrawal period (Pages 265 - 269)
        • Article 43 Effects of withdrawal (Pages 269 - 273)
        • Article 44 Obligations of the trader in the event of withdrawal (Pages 273 - 278)
        • Article 45 Obligations of the consumer in the event of withdrawal (Pages 278 - 284)
        • Article 46 Ancillary contracts (Pages 284 - 288)
        • Article 47 Mandatory nature (Pages 288 - 291)
      • Chapter 5 Defects in consent Pfeiffer (Pages 291 - 340)
        • Article 48 Mistake (Pages 291 - 301)
        • Article 49 Fraud (Pages 301 - 309)
        • Article 50 Threats (Pages 309 - 313)
        • Article 51 Unfair exploitation (Pages 313 - 321)
        • Article 52 Notice of avoidance (Pages 321 - 324)
        • Article 53 Confirmation (Pages 324 - 327)
        • Article 54 Effects of avoidance (Pages 327 - 330)
        • Article 55 Damages for loss (Pages 330 - 334)
        • Article 56 Exclusion or restriction of remedies (Pages 334 - 337)
        • Article 57 Choice of remedy (Pages 337 - 340)
    • Part III Assessing what is in the contract (Pages 340 - 433)
      • Chapter 6 Interpretation (Pages 340 - 364)
        • Article 58 General rules on interpretation of contracts Wendehorst (Pages 340 - 344)
        • Article 59 Relevant matters (Pages 344 - 349)
        • Article 60 Reference to contract as a whole (Pages 349 - 350)
        • Article 61 Language discrepancies (Pages 350 - 352)
        • Article 62 Preference for individually negotiated contract terms (Pages 352 - 354)
        • Article 63 Preference for interpretation which gives contract terms effect (Pages 354 - 357)
        • Article 64 Interpretation in favour of consumers (Pages 357 - 360)
        • Article 65 Interpretation against supplier of a contract term (Pages 360 - 364)
      • Chapter 7 Contents and effects (Pages 364 - 413)
        • Article 66 Contract terms Kieninger (Pages 364 - 366)
        • Article 67 Usages and practices in contracts between traders (Pages 366 - 371)
        • Article 68 Contract terms which may be implied (Pages 371 - 374)
        • Article 69 Contract terms derived from certain pre-contractual statements (Pages 374 - 380)
        • Article 70 Duty to raise awareness of not individually negotiated contract terms (Pages 380 - 385)
        • Article 71 Additional payments in contracts between a trader and a consumer (Pages 385 - 388)
        • Article 72 Merger clauses (Pages 388 - 391)
        • Article 73 Determination of price (Pages 391 - 395)
        • Article 74 Unilateral determination by a party (Pages 395 - 399)
        • Article 75 Determination by a third party (Pages 399 - 402)
        • Article 76 Language (Pages 402 - 404)
        • Article 77 Contracts of indeterminate duration (Pages 404 - 408)
        • Article 78 Contract terms in favour of third parties (Pages 408 - 413)
      • Chapter 8 Unfair contract terms Mazeaud/Sauphanor-Brouillaud (Pages 413 - 433)
        • Section 1 General provisions (Pages 413 - 418)
          • Introduction to arts 79–86 (Pages 413 - 414)
          • Article 79 Effects of unfair contract terms (Pages 414 - 415)
          • Article 80 Exclusions from unfairness test (Pages 415 - 417)
          • Article 81 Mandatory nature (Pages 417 - 418)
        • Section 2 Unfair contract terms in contracts between a trader and a consumer (Pages 418 - 430)
          • Article 82 Duty of transparency in contract terms not individually negotiated (Pages 418 - 419)
          • Article 83 Meaning of ‘unfair’ in contracts between a trader and a consumer (Pages 419 - 423)
          • Article 84 Contract terms which are always unfair (Pages 423 - 426)
          • Article 85 Contract terms which are presumed to be unfair (Pages 426 - 430)
        • Section 3 Unfair contract terms in contracts between traders (Pages 430 - 433)
          • Article 86 Meaning of ‘unfair’ in contracts between traders
    • Part IV Obligations and remedies of the parties to a sales contract or a contract for the supply of digital content (Pages 433 - 653)
      • Chapter 9 General provisions Zoll (Pages 433 - 469)
        • Article 87 Non-performance and fundamental non-performance (Pages 433 - 445)
        • Article 88 Excused non-performance (Pages 445 - 452)
        • Article 89 Change of circumstances (Pages 452 - 463)
        • Article 90 Extended application of rules on payment and on goods or digital content not accepted (Pages 463 - 469)
      • Chapter 10 The seller’s obligations Zoll (Pages 469 - 527)
        • Section 1 General provisions (Pages 469 - 477)
          • Article 91 Main obligations of the seller (Pages 469 - 473)
          • Article 92 Performance by a third party (Pages 473 - 477)
        • Section 2 Delivery (Pages 477 - 500)
          • Article 93 Place of delivery (Pages 477 - 482)
          • Article 94 Method of delivery (Pages 482 - 487)
          • Article 95 Time of delivery (Pages 487 - 490)
          • Article 96 Seller’s obligations regarding carriage of the goods (Pages 490 - 494)
          • Article 97 Goods or digital content not accepted by the buyer (Pages 494 - 500)
          • Article 98 Effect on passing of risk (Pages 500 - 500)
        • Section 3 Conformity of the goods and digital content (Pages 500 - 527)
          • Article 99 Conformity with the contract (Pages 500 - 508)
          • Article 100 Criteria for conformity of the goods and digital content (Pages 508 - 513)
          • Article 101 Incorrect installation under a consumer sales contract (Pages 513 - 516)
          • Article 102 Third party rights or claims (Pages 516 - 523)
          • Article 103 Limitation on conformity of digital content (Pages 523 - 523)
          • Article 104 Buyer’s knowledge of lack of conformity in a contract between traders (Pages 523 - 524)
          • Article 105 Relevant time for establishing conformity (Pages 524 - 527)
      • Chapter 11 The buyer’s remedies Zoll (Pages 527 - 570)
        • Section 1 General provisions (Pages 527 - 532)
          • Article 106 Overview of buyer’s remedies (Pages 527 - 529)
          • Article 107 Limitation of remedies for digital content not supplied in exchange for a price (Pages 529 - 531)
          • Article 108 Mandatory nature (Pages 531 - 532)
        • Section 2 Cure by the seller (Pages 532 - 540)
          • Article 109 Cure by the seller
        • Section 3 Requiring performance (Pages 540 - 551)
          • Article 110 Requiring performance of seller’s obligations (Pages 540 - 544)
          • Article 111 Consumer’s choice between repair and replacement (Pages 544 - 548)
          • Article 112 Return of replaced item (Pages 548 - 551)
        • Section 4 Withholding performance of buyer’s obligations (Pages 551 - 553)
          • Article 113 Right to withhold performance
        • Section 5 Termination (Pages 553 - 563)
          • Article 114 Termination for non-performance (Pages 553 - 555)
          • Article 115 Termination for delay in delivery after notice fixing additional time for performance (Pages 555 - 557)
          • Article 116 Termination for anticipated non-performance (Pages 557 - 559)
          • Article 117 Scope of right to terminate (Pages 559 - 560)
          • Article 118 Notice of termination (Pages 560 - 561)
          • Article 119 Loss of right to terminate (Pages 561 - 563)
        • Section 6 Price reduction (Pages 563 - 565)
          • Article 120 Right to reduce price
        • Section 7 Requirements of examination and notification in a contract between traders (Pages 565 - 570)
          • Article 121 Examination of the goods in contracts between traders (Pages 565 - 566)
          • Article 122 Requirement of notification of lack of conformity in sales contracts between traders (Pages 566 - 570)
      • Chapter 12 The buyer’s obligations (Pages 570 - 611)
        • Section 1 General provisions (Pages 570 - 574)
          • Article 123 Main obligations of the buyer Dannemann
        • Section 2 Payment of the price (Pages 574 - 602)
          • Article 124 Means of payment (Pages 574 - 580)
          • Article 125 Place of payment (Pages 580 - 584)
          • Article 126 Time of payment (Pages 584 - 589)
          • Article 127 Payment by a third party (Pages 589 - 595)
          • Article 128 Imputation of payment (Pages 595 - 602)
        • Section 3 Taking delivery (Pages 602 - 611)
          • Article 129 Taking delivery (Pages 602 - 605)
          • Article 130 Early delivery and delivery of wrong quantity (Pages 605 - 611)
      • Chapter 13 The seller’s remedies (Pages 611 - 639)
        • Section 1 General provisions (Pages 611 - 614)
          • Article 131 Overview of seller’s remedies Dannemann
        • Section 2 Requiring performance (Pages 614 - 619)
          • Article 132 Requiring performance of buyer’s obligations
        • Section 3 Withholding performance of seller’s obligations (Pages 619 - 623)
          • Article 133 Right to withhold performance
        • Section 4 Termination (Pages 623 - 639)
          • Article 134 Termination for fundamental non-performance (Pages 623 - 625)
          • Article 135 Termination for delay after notice fixing additional time for performance (Pages 625 - 628)
          • Article 136 Termination for anticipated non-performance (Pages 628 - 630)
          • Article 137 Scope of right to terminate (Pages 630 - 633)
          • Article 138 Notice of termination (Pages 633 - 635)
          • Article 139 Loss of right to terminate (Pages 635 - 639)
      • Chapter 14 Passing of risk Zoll/Watson (Pages 639 - 653)
        • Section 1 General provisions (Pages 639 - 642)
          • Article 140 Effect of passing of risk (Pages 639 - 640)
          • Article 141 Identification of goods or digital content to contract (Pages 640 - 642)
        • Section 2 Passing of risk in consumer sales contracts (Pages 642 - 645)
          • Article 142 Passing of risk in a consumer sales contract
        • Section 3 Passing of risk in contracts between traders (Pages 645 - 653)
          • Article 143 Time when risk passes (Pages 645 - 646)
          • Article 144 Goods placed at buyer’s disposal (Pages 646 - 648)
          • Article 145 Carriage of the goods (Pages 648 - 650)
          • Article 146 Goods sold in transit (Pages 650 - 653)
    • Part V Obligations and remedies of the parties to a related service contract (Pages 653 - 672)
      • Chapter 15 Obligations and remedies of the parties
        • Section 1 Application of certain general rules on sales contracts (Pages 653 - 655)
          • Article 147 Application of certain general rules on sales contracts Zoll/Watson
        • Section 2 Obligations of the service provider (Pages 655 - 664)
          • Article 148 Obligation to achieve result and obligation of care and skill (Pages 655 - 657)
          • Article 149 Obligation to prevent damage (Pages 657 - 659)
          • Article 150 Performance by a third party (Pages 659 - 659)
          • Article 151 Obligation to provide invoice (Pages 659 - 661)
          • Article 152 Obligation to warn of unexpected or uneconomic cost (Pages 661 - 664)
        • Section 3 Obligations of the customer (Pages 664 - 666)
          • Article 153 Payment of the price (Pages 664 - 665)
          • Article 154 Provision of access (Pages 665 - 666)
        • Section 4 Remedies (Pages 666 - 672)
          • Article 155 Remedies of the customer (Pages 666 - 668)
          • Article 156 Requirement of notification of lack of conformity in related service contracts between traders (Pages 668 - 669)
          • Article 157 Remedies of the service provider (Pages 669 - 670)
          • Article 158 Customer’s right to decline performance (Pages 670 - 672)
    • Part VI Damages and interest Možina (Pages 672 - 716)
      • Chapter 16 Damages and interest
        • Section 1 Damages (Pages 672 - 692)
          • Article 159 Right to damages (Pages 672 - 676)
          • Article 160 General measure of damages (Pages 676 - 682)
          • Article 161 Foreseeability of loss (Pages 682 - 684)
          • Article 162 Loss attributable to creditor (Pages 684 - 686)
          • Article 163 Reduction of loss (Pages 686 - 688)
          • Article 164 Substitute transaction (Pages 688 - 691)
          • Article 165 Current price (Pages 691 - 692)
        • Section 2 Interest on late payments: general provisions (Pages 692 - 704)
          • Article 166 Interest on late payments (Pages 692 - 698)
          • Article 167 Interest when the debtor is a consumer (Pages 698 - 704)
        • Section 3 Late payments by traders (Pages 704 - 716)
          • Article 168 Rate of interest and accrual (Pages 704 - 708)
          • Article 169 Compensation for recovery costs (Pages 708 - 711)
          • Article 170 Unfair contract terms relating to interest for late payment (Pages 711 - 715)
          • Article 171 Mandatory nature (Pages 715 - 716)
    • Part VII Restitution Lehmann (Pages 716 - 759)
      • Chapter 17 Restitution
        • Article 172 Restitution on avoidance or termination (Pages 716 - 728)
        • Article 173 Payment for monetary value (Pages 728 - 741)
        • Article 174 Payment for use and interest on money received (Pages 741 - 747)
        • Article 175 Compensation for expenditure (Pages 747 - 751)
        • Article 176 Equitable modification (Pages 751 - 756)
        • Article 177 Mandatory nature (Pages 756 - 759)
    • Part VIII Prescription Møgelvang-Hansen (Pages 759 - 780)
      • Chapter 18 Prescription
        • Section 1 General provisions (Pages 759 - 762)
          • Article 178 Rights subject to prescription
        • Section 2 Periods of prescription and their commencement (Pages 762 - 767)
          • Article 179 Periods of prescription (Pages 762 - 764)
          • Article 180 Commencement (Pages 764 - 767)
        • Section 3 Extension of periods of prescription (Pages 767 - 773)
          • Article 181 Suspension in case of judicial and other proceedings (Pages 767 - 771)
          • Article 182 Postponement of expiry in the case of negotiations (Pages 771 - 772)
          • Article 183 Postponement of expiry in case of incapacity (Pages 772 - 773)
        • Section 4 Renewal of periods of prescription (Pages 773 - 775)
          • Article 184 Renewal by acknowledgement
        • Section 5 Effects of prescription (Pages 775 - 777)
          • Article 185 Effects of prescription
        • Section 6 Modification by agreement (Pages 777 - 780)
          • Article 186 Agreements concerning prescription
  • Appendix 1 Model instructions on withdrawal (Pages 780 - 784)
  • Appendix 2 Model withdrawal form (Pages 784 - 786)
  • ANNEX II STANDARD INFORMATION NOTICE Standard Information Notice (Pages 786 - 788)
  • EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM Explanatory Memorandum (Pages 788 - 817)

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