The Science of Defoaming: Theory, Experiment and Applications (Surfactant Science)
Author: Peter R. Garrett
ISBN-10: 1420060414
ISBN-13: 9781420060416
Edition: 2nd Revised ed.
Release: July 9, 2013
Hardcover: 598 pages
.95
作者简介
After working for Unilever Research for almost thirty years at Port Sunlight and for a short time at Bangalore, Peter Garrett retired, acquiring visiting professorships at the University of Manchester in the United Kingdom and briefly at Rice University, Houston, Texas. He has worked on various aspects of interfacial science in a career lasting 40 years. These included the equilibrium and dynamic adsorption behavior of surfactant solutions, solubilization in microemulsions, kinetics of surfactant dissolution and mesophase growth, and of course both the basic science of defoaming and its application especially in the detergents industry.
Professor Garrett is author or coauthor of more than 30 joual articles and is named as inventor on 14 patents, the majority of which conceed the application of antifoam technology. He is also editor of the book Defoaming, Theory and Applications published in 1993. A member of the Royal Society of Chemistry, he received his Ph.D. from the University of Leicester in the United Kingdom in 1971.
目录
Some General Properties of Foams
Introduction
The Structure of Foams
Foam Films
Processes Accompanying Aging of Foam
Summarizing Remarks
Experimental Methods for Study of Foam and Antifoam Action
Introduction
Measurement of Foam
Observations With Single Foam Films
Air–Water–Oil Pseudoemulsion Films
Spreading Behavior of Oils
Summarizing Remarks
References
Oils at Interfaces: Entry Coefficients, Spreading Coefficients, and Thin Film forces
Introduction
Classical Entry and Spreading Coefficients
Generalized Entry Coefficients, Pseudoemulsion Films, and Thin Film forces
Mode of Rupture of Pseudoemulsion Films
Generalized Spreading Coefficients and Thin Film forces
Spreading Behavior of Typical Antifoam Oils at Aqueous Surfaces
Non-Equilibrium Effects due to Surfactant Transport
Summarizing Remarks
References
Mode of Action of Antifoams
Introduction
Antifoam Effects due to Solubilized Oils
Effect on Foamability of Mesophase Precipitation in Aqueous Surfactant Solutions
Surface Tension Gradients and Theories of Antifoam Mechanism
Oil Bridges and Antifoam Mechanism
Antifoam Behavior of Emulsified Liquids
Inert Hydrophobic Particles and Capillary Theories of Antifoam Mechanism for Aqueous Systems
Mixtures of Hydrophobic Particles and Oils as Antifoams for Aqueous Systems
Summarizing Remarks
References
Appendix 4.1: Some Examples of Early Antifoam Patents Conceing Mixtures of Hydrophobic Particles and Oils
Effect of Antifoam Concentration on Volumes of Foam Generated by Air Entrainment
Phenomenology
Statistical Theory of Antifoam Action
Summarizing Remarks
Appendix 5.1: Effect of Excluded Volume on Antifoam Concentration in A Film Exhibiting Reynolds Drainage
References
Deactivation of Mixed Oil–Particle Antifoams During Dispersal and Foam Generation in Aqueous Media
Introduction
Deactivation of Antifoam Effect of Polydimethylsiloxane Oils Without Particles
Early Work With Hydrophobed Silica–Polydimethylsiloxane Antifoams
Deactivation of Hydrophobed Silica–Polydimethylsiloxane Antifoams By Disproportionation
Effect of Oil Viscosity on Deactivation of Hydrophobed Silica–Polydimethylsiloxane Antifoams
Deactivation in Other Types of Oil–Particle Antifoams
Theories of Foam Volume Growth in Presence of Deactivating Antifoam
Summarizing Remarks
References
Mechanical Methods for Defoaming
Introduction
Defoaming Using Rotary Devices
Defoaming Using Ultrasound
Defoaming Using Packed Beds of Appropriate Wettability
Summarizing Remarks
References
Appendix 7.1: Summary of Empirical Studies of Mechanical Defoaming by Rotary Devices
Antifoams for Detergent Products
Introduction
Powders for Machine Washing of Laundry
Liquids for Machine Washing of Laundry
Machine Dishwashing
General Hard-Surface Cleaning Products
Summarizing Remarks
Appendix 8.1: Examples of Patents Claiming Incorporation of Polysiloxane-Hydrophobed Silica Antifoams in Detergent Powders for Machine Washing of Textiles
References
Control of Foam in Waterboe Latex Paints and Vaishes
Introduction
Foam and Antifoam Behaviour
Specific Issues Conceing Oil-Based Antifoams
Summarizing Remarks
References
Antifoams for Gas–Oil Separation in Crude Oil Production
Introduction
Surface Activity at Gas–Hydrocarbon and Gas–Crude Oil interfaces
Causes of Foam formation in Gas–Crude Oil Systems
Use of Antifoams
Summarizing Remarks
References
Medical Applications of Defoaming
Introduction
Use of Simethicone Antifoam in Treatment of Gastrointestinal Gas
Defoaming of Blood During Cardiopulmonary Bypass Surgery
Summarizing Remarks
References
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